The Trump administration has opened its first major investigation into fraud plaguing the H-1B and PERM visa programs, and the early signs suggest this will be no ordinary bureaucratic review. Dozens of subpoenas have already gone out, whistleblowers are coming forward against some of the biggest names in corporate America, and Labor Department officials are

The Trump administration has opened its first major investigation into fraud plaguing the H-1B and PERM visa programs, and the early signs suggest this will be no ordinary bureaucratic review. Dozens of subpoenas have already gone out, whistleblowers are coming forward against some of the biggest names in corporate America, and Labor Department officials are openly connecting the dots between visa abuse, wage suppression, and the displacement of hardworking American citizens.
Labor Department Inspector General Anthony D’Esposito announced the sweeping probe on Fox Business, describing it as the most aggressive action ever taken against foreign labor fraud by an inspector general in this administration. The announcement came just ahead of Vice President JD Vance’s own anti-fraud initiative event in Milwaukee, underscoring how central this issue has become to the administration’s broader agenda of putting American workers first.
D’Esposito did not sugarcoat the scope of the problem. “This is not just people working in factories or actual labor,” he said, describing individuals allegedly exploiting the visa system. “These are people working in medical facilities and doctors’ offices that are actually putting people in harm’s way.” That warning should alarm every American who assumes the professionals treating them in a hospital or clinic have been properly vetted and are exactly who they claim to be.
The H-1B program allows American companies to bring in foreign workers for specialty occupations, typically requiring at least a bachelor’s degree, for an initial period of three years that can be extended up to six. It was originally sold to the public as a narrow tool for filling gaps in highly specialized fields where American talent simply could not be found. For years, conservatives have warned that the program has instead become a vehicle for corporations to undercut American wages and sideline qualified American applicants in favor of cheaper foreign labor.
The numbers back up those concerns. The American Immigration Council found that the median H-1B wage in 2021 was roughly $108,000, compared to an average American worker salary of $45,760. Yet nearly two-thirds of H-1B positions certified by the Department of Labor were assigned wage levels well below the local median wage for the occupation in question, according to data from the left-leaning Economic Policy Institute. Even the conservative Heritage Foundation has noted that only about one in six H-1B positions receives what would be considered a genuinely top-tier wage.
That gap allows companies to claim they are paying foreign workers a premium salary compared to the national average, all while quietly paying below the true market rate for the specific role and location, pocketing the difference and squeezing out qualified Americans who would otherwise demand fair compensation. It is a scheme that has flown under the radar for far too long, and the Trump administration appears determined to finally shine a light on it.
D’Esposito singled out Cognizant, a major American multinational IT and consulting firm, during his Fox Business interview, alleging the company has used H-1B visa workers as a source of cheap labor. He also pointed to troubling behavior at some of the country’s largest tech employers. Microsoft, for example, reportedly filed for thousands of H-1B visas this year with an average salary offering north of $150,000, even as its Xbox division, under CEO Asha Sharma, laid off roughly 20 percent of its staff, amounting to about 3,200 employees.
A Microsoft spokesperson pushed back on any suggestion the layoffs were connected to visa hiring, telling reporters that staffing decisions “are based on business need, not visa status,” and noting that H-1B employees were also affected by the job cuts. Still, the optics of a company shedding thousands of American jobs while simultaneously ramping up foreign visa applications is exactly the kind of pattern that has fueled public frustration with the current system.
D’Esposito made clear this investigation extends well beyond wage manipulation. He alleged there is “without a doubt” human trafficking occurring within the visa programs, connecting the abuse directly to organized crime. “Much of the visa and the human trafficking that we see when it comes to this foreign labor is tied to cartels, is tied to transnational gangs,” he said, framing the crackdown as part of the broader effort to make America both safer and more affordable for its own citizens.
The investigation is being coordinated with the anti-fraud task force established earlier this year by President Trump and Vice President Vance. According to a joint statement from the Labor Department and its inspector general, both offices have “uncovered widespread schemes in which employers and labor brokers submitted fraudulent applications, exploited foreign workers through coercive wage-kickback arrangements, and undercut American workers by flooding the market with below-wage labor.” That is about as damning a description of the current visa system as federal officials have offered in recent memory.
As part of the probe, the Labor Department is calling on the public to help. American workers who suspect they have been passed over, displaced, or otherwise harmed by fraudulent PERM or H-1B practices are being urged to file reports. Foreign workers who believe they were coerced, exploited, or victimized by fraudulent recruitment schemes are also being encouraged to come forward, a sign that officials understand the abuse cuts in multiple directions and victimizes both American citizens and legitimate visa holders trying to play by the rules.
D’Esposito confirmed that dozens of subpoenas have already been issued to companies and labor brokers suspected of gaming the system, though he declined to name specific targets while the investigation remains active. He described the effort as multi-agency in scope, working “side by side” with the president and vice president’s fraud task force to “track down every lead” and provide investigators with “every resource necessary” to see the probe through to completion.
The Department of Labor’s PERM system, which handles the initial certification process for EB-2 and EB-3 employment-based green cards, is also under scrutiny. That process is supposed to confirm there are no qualified or willing American workers available for a given position before a foreign worker can be sponsored for permanent residency. Critics have long argued that employers routinely game the PERM process, writing job postings designed to be rejected by qualified Americans so the position can be justified for a foreign hire instead.
This investigation is part of a broader pattern of aggressive action the administration has taken against the visa system this year. The administration previously attempted to impose a steep $100,000 entry fee on new H-1B applications as a deterrent to abuse, though a federal court struck down the fee in June. Officials have signaled they intend to appeal that ruling and continue fighting to restore the fee, viewing it as an important tool for discouraging fraudulent or exploitative use of the program.
The probe is also tied to a larger initiative known as Project Firewall, which is pushing federal agencies toward more proactive audits of visa filings rather than waiting for complaints to trigger investigations after the fact. Officials say the administration is also exploring a shift toward wage-based visa selection, which would prioritize higher-paying positions in the lottery system and make it harder for companies to use the program simply as a source of cheap, entry-level labor.
The investigation brings together an unusually broad coalition of federal agencies. The Department of Labor is leading the charge, but the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Justice are both playing supporting roles, an indication that officials view this as more than a simple regulatory matter. When labor investigators, homeland security officials, and federal prosecutors are all examining the same visa filings, broker relationships, and employer conduct simultaneously, it signals the administration considers this a genuine criminal enterprise deserving of serious law enforcement attention, not merely a paperwork violation to be settled with a fine.
Immigration attorneys and corporate compliance officers are reportedly bracing for a wave of scrutiny as word of the investigation spreads. Companies that rely heavily on H-1B labor, particularly in the technology and consulting sectors, are said to be reviewing their hiring practices, wage documentation, and compliance procedures more carefully now that formal legal notices are already landing on desks across the industry.
For years, conservatives have argued that the H-1B program, whatever its original intent, has become a mechanism for corporate America to import cheaper labor at the expense of American workers, all while insulating those same companies from the wage pressures that come with a genuinely competitive labor market.