Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Administrator Dr. Mehmet Oz announced this past weekend that more than one million people currently enrolled in Obamacare marketplace plans have no Social Security number on file, a discovery the two officials are calling a glaring warning sign of

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Administrator Dr. Mehmet Oz announced this past weekend that more than one million people currently enrolled in Obamacare marketplace plans have no Social Security number on file, a discovery the two officials are calling a glaring warning sign of systemic fraud that flourished under the previous administration.
Kennedy and Oz disclosed the figure in a video posted to the social media platform X on Saturday. The announcement marks the latest development in an ongoing effort by the Trump administration’s health agencies to root out what officials describe as widespread fraud within the Affordable Care Act marketplace, commonly known as Obamacare.
“The Obamacare marketplace is plagued by fraud in large part because the Biden administration dismantled basic program integrity guardrails,” Kennedy said in the video. “A partisan lawfare blocked the common sense efforts to protect taxpayers.” Kennedy placed the blame squarely on his predecessors, arguing that safeguards which should have been in place to verify enrollee identities were systematically weakened during the Biden years.
According to a June HHS issue brief, the figure refers specifically to a subset of enrollments: roughly one million broker-assisted sign-ups made through HealthCare.gov that carried no Social Security number on file and that owed no premium payment, a combination officials say strongly suggests the enrollments were never legitimate to begin with.
Dr. Oz pointed directly at insurance brokers as a key part of the alleged scheme, suggesting that some agents have been gaming the enrollment system in order to collect commissions for sign-ups that may never have involved a real, consenting consumer.
“Some of these agents refuse to follow basic rules like providing their clients’ Social Security number,” Oz said in the video. “That, my friends, is a huge red flag.”
Oz went further in describing what he characterized as the underlying mechanics of the fraud, alleging that “rogue agents and other bad actors” have been enrolling “unsuspecting Americans in health plans they never signed up for,” in some cases using fake identities to collect fees from insurance companies for selling policies that were never legitimately purchased by a real customer.
The missing Social Security number figure represents only one piece of a much larger fraud picture that HHS has been assembling over the course of several months. According to a department report detailed by Fox News, improper, phantom, and outright fraudulent Obamacare enrollments are estimated to have peaked at 5.6 million people in 2025 alone.
The agency has pegged the financial cost of that fraud at roughly 10 billion dollars annually between 2021 and 2024, although that figure has not been independently verified by outside auditors.
HHS officials say they have already taken significant action to address the problem. The agency reports it has stripped or blocked nearly 2.9 million improper enrollments to date. Officials estimate that another 2.6 million improper or phantom enrollments remain on the books, with the more than one million enrollees lacking Social Security numbers representing what Kennedy and Oz describe as the hardest core of that remaining problem, individuals the government currently has no reliable way to confirm actually exist.
Kennedy did not mince words when describing the scale of the issue. “Why are we paying people we don’t know if they actually exist?” he asked, a question that has since been widely circulated by conservative commentators and outlets as capturing the absurdity of the situation as they see it.
The disclosure arrives against the backdrop of a broader decline in Obamacare enrollment nationally. An estimated 19.2 million Americans are currently enrolled in an Obamacare exchange plan, according to the latest HHS data, down significantly from approximately 23.4 million enrollees in 2025. Much of that decline has been attributed to the expiration of enhanced Obamacare subsidies that were put in place under the Biden administration and lapsed at the end of last year, though officials say tightened fraud enforcement may also be playing a role in shrinking the rolls.
Notably, Kennedy and Oz did not specify how many of the more than one million enrollees lacking Social Security numbers have been confirmed as fraudulent versus simply incomplete in their paperwork. Nor did the officials lay out a specific timeline or enforcement mechanism for resolving the remaining cases, leaving open questions about whether those enrollees have already been removed from coverage, referred for further investigation, or flagged for additional identity verification steps.
The administration has also not yet disclosed the specific methodology used to identify the one million affected enrollees nor named any individual agents, brokers, or companies allegedly involved in the rogue enrollment schemes described by Oz. Kennedy’s reference to “partisan lawfare” blocking earlier fraud-prevention efforts has likewise not been tied to any specific court case or legal ruling, leaving that claim without a clear evidentiary trail at this stage.
Despite those open questions, the announcement fits into a broader pattern of aggressive fraud enforcement actions taken by Kennedy’s Health and Human Services Department since the start of the Trump administration’s second term.
The agency recently announced what officials described as the largest autism-related fraud bust in United States history, targeting schemes that allegedly exploited both vulnerable families and federal healthcare dollars.
Kennedy and Oz both emphasized that their department is now devoting considerably more resources to identifying and preventing fraud across federal healthcare programs than the previous administration did, framing the effort as part of a broader taxpayer protection initiative spanning multiple federal health programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program.
The scale of federal healthcare spending makes the stakes of the fraud crackdown considerable. Medicare costs taxpayers roughly 1.1 trillion dollars annually, Medicaid costs approximately 708 billion dollars, premium tax credits tied to the Affordable Care Act cost around 112 billion dollars, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program adds tens of billions more to the total federal healthcare bill each year.
Even a relatively small percentage of fraudulent enrollment across programs of that size translates into billions of dollars in improper taxpayer spending.
The announcement has prompted strong reactions across social media and conservative commentary outlets, with many users and pundits framing the revelation as proof that the Affordable Care Act’s enrollment system was left vulnerable to systemic abuse during the previous administration. Supporters of the Trump administration’s fraud enforcement push argue that the figures validate long-standing conservative concerns about lax verification standards within the Obamacare marketplace.
Kennedy has not shied away from public confrontations over his handling of HHS in recent weeks, including a public dispute with the New York Times after the outlet published a critical report on his department that Kennedy characterized as a “hit piece” sourced largely from former, disgruntled employees.